Questions, methods & evidence
Research
My work connects numerical systems, distributed learning and AI inference, with an emphasis on resource constraints, reproducible evaluation and practical implementation.
Research themes
Efficient AI systems
Computation graphs, memory reuse, operator optimisation and the timing of multimodal model inference.
Distributed learning
Probabilistic synchronisation, heterogeneous clients, resource allocation and energy-efficient learning at the edge.
Agents & cooperation
Multi-agent reinforcement learning for crowdsensing, and current engineering work on context retrieval, tools and AI-assisted development.
Selected papers
Parallel and Memory-Efficient Distributed Edge Learning in B5G IoT Networks
Parallel execution and memory efficiency for learning under edge-device resource constraints.
Federated Learning With Heterogeneity-Aware Probabilistic Synchronous Parallel on Edge
A probabilistic synchronisation approach for heterogeneous edge learning.
Exploring Both Individuality and Cooperation for Air-Ground Spatial Crowdsourcing by Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning
Coordinating individual policies and collective behaviour in air-ground sensing tasks.
Publications & talks
2026
Lei Wan, Jianxin Zhao, et al. “A Systematic Literature Review on Vehicular Collaborative Perception — A Computer Vision Perspective.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2026. Preprint
F. Zhou, C. H. Liu, J. Zhao*, et al. “AoI and Latency-Aware Air-Ground Vehicular Crowdsensing by Sequential Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning.” IEEE TMC, 2026.
Q. Zhao, C. H. Liu, J. Zhao*, et al. “UAV Carrier Enabled Vehicular Crowdsensing by Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning With Mutual Policy Divergence and Attentive Memory Update.” IEEE TMC, 2026.
H. Yang, C. H. Liu, G. Li, H. Wang, J. Zhao, et al. “Indoor Fingerprint Collection Under Environment Changes by Vehicular Crowdsensing: A Bayesian Reinforcement Learning Approach.” IEEE TMC, 2026.
X. Wu, S. Du, K. Qiu, S. Wen, H. Hou, Y. Liu, J. Zhao, et al. “TrustFCL: Task-grained Model Assessment and Aggregation for Secure Federated Continual Learning.” IJOCTA, 2026.
2025
Z. Xia, J. Zhao, A. Vinel. “Dynamic-PBFT: Enhanced Consensus in Decentralized Federated Averaging for V2V Networks.” 2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall). Link
X. Wu, J. Zhao, P. Xu, C. H. Liu. “Cross-Platform Deep Learning Compilation with Model-Specific Cost Model Pre-Training.” International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing (ICMLC’25).
2024
J. Zhao, M-B. Lin, A. Vinel. “V2X-Based Decentralized Singular Value Decomposition in Dynamic Vehicular Environment.” 1st Workshop on Cooperative Intelligence for Embodied AI, ECCV 2024. Paper
Shuanqi Wang, Jianxin Zhao, Chi Liu, Wei Wu and Zhao Liu. “基于深度强化学习的二进制代码模糊测试方法” (Fuzz Testing Method of Binary Code Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning). 计算机科学, 2024. Paper
2023
Jianxin Zhao, Pierre Vandenhove, Peng Xu, Hao Tao, Liang Wang, Chi Harold Liu, and Jon Crowcroft, “Parallel and Memory-Efficient Distributed Edge Learning in B5G IoT Networks”,IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 17, no. 1 (2023): 222-233. Paper
Jianxin Zhao, Xinyu Chang, Yanhao Feng, Chi Harold Liu, and Ningbo Liu*, “Participant Selection for Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Data in Intelligent Transport System,” IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems 24, no. 1 (2023): 1106-1115. Paper
Jianxin Zhao, Yanhao Feng, Xinyu Chang, Peng Xu, Shilin Li, Chi Harold Liu, Wenke Yu, Jian Tang, and Jon Crowcroft, “Energy-Efficient and Fair IoT Data Distribution in Decentralised Federated Learning, ” IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (2023): 1352-1363. Paper
Shuang Li, Mixue Xie, Kaixiong Gong, Jianxin Zhao*, Chi Harold Liu, and Guoren Wang, “End-to-End Transferable Anomaly Detection via Multi-spectral Cross-domain Representation Alignment,” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2023. DOI: 10.1109/TKDE.2021.3118111. Paper
Wang Y, Wu J, Hua X, Liu CH, Li G, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wang G. “Air-ground spatial crowdsourcing with uav carriers by geometric graph convolutional multi-agent deep reinforcement learning.” 2023 IEEE 39th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) 2023 Apr 3 (pp. 1790-1802). IEEE. Paper
Ye, Y., Liu, C.H., Dai, Z., Zhao, J., Yuan, Y., Wang, G. and Tang, J., 2023, April. Exploring both individuality and cooperation for air-ground spatial crowdsourcing by multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. In 2023 IEEE 39th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) (pp. 205-217). IEEE. Paper
2022
Jianxin Zhao*, Yanhao Feng, Xinyu Chang, and Chi Harold Liu, “Energy-efficient client selection in federated learning with heterogeneous data on edge,” Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 15, no. 2 (2022): 1139-1151. Paper
Jianxin Zhao, Rui Han, Yongkai Yang*, Benjamin Catterall, Chi Harold Liu, Lydia Y. Chen, Richard Mortier, Jon Crowcroft, and Liang Wang, “Federated Learning with Heterogeneity-Aware Probabilistic Synchronous Parallel on Edge,” IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 15, no. 2 (2022): 614-626. Paper
P. Xu, X. Chang, J. Zhao, C. H. Liu. “Automatic Operator Performance Tuning in a Machine Learning System on Edge.” ICPADS, 2022.
2019
J. Zhao. “Executing Owl Computation on GPU and TPU.” OCaml 2019. Talk
2018
J. Zhao, T. Tiplea, R. Mortier, J. Crowcroft, and L. Wang. “Data Analytics Service Composition and Deployment on Edge Devices.” Big-DAMA workshop, SIGCOMM’18 Paper
J. Zhao, R. Mortier, J. Crowcroft, and L. Wang. “Privacy-preserving Machine Learning Based Personal Data Analytics System.” AAAI/ACM conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (AIES’18) Paper
2017
J. Zhao, R. Mortier, J. Crowcroft, and L. Wang. “User-centric Composable Services for Personal Data Analytics.” SOSP 2017 (poster) Paper
2016
Richard Mortier et al. “Personal Data Management with the Databox: What’s Inside the Box?” CAN’16 Paper
2015
Gao, H., Liu, C.H., Wang, W., Zhao, J., Song, Z., Su, X., Crowcroft, J. and Leung, K.K., 2015. A survey of incentive mechanisms for participatory sensing. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(2), pp.918-943. Paper
Zhao, J., Liu, C. H., Chen, M., Liu, X., & Leung, K. K. (2015, June). Energy-efficient dynamic event detection by participatory sensing. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (pp. 3180-3185). Paper
In preparation: OverDrive: Deadline-Aware Lifecycle Management of VLM-based Driving Model Plans. See the project summary for the experimental scope.
Patents
Four Chinese invention patents, all with Jianxin Zhao as first inventor.
Client Selection for Edge-Side Federated Learning under Heterogeneous Data
Large-Scale Edge Machine-Learning Training Based on Probabilistic Sampling
Game-Theoretic Distributed Learning for Crowdsourced Image Recognition on Mobile Devices
Distributed Learning for Edge-Side Image Recognition in Intelligent Transportation
Projects & funding
- NSFC Young Scientists Fund, 2024–2026: edge-side deep-model training for mobile crowdsensing. Principal investigator; RMB 300,000.
- C2CBridge 2, 2024–2026: German Federal Ministry for Transport project on connected automated mobility. Participant.
- Industrial Internet data lake, 2021–2024: National Key R&D Program sub-project. Core member; RMB 3.518 million.
- Edge-side big-data computing, 2022–2026: NSFC Key Project. Core member; RMB 2.98 million.
- Edge intelligent perception, 2022–2025: NSFC Joint Funds Key Project. Core member; RMB 2.60 million.
- Owl: OCaml Software Foundation grants for maintenance (€10,000, 2024) and open-access book publication ($15,000, 2021).
- Connecting Young Scientists at KIT, 2024: €5,000 grant supporting research exchange with the automotive industry.
- China Postdoctoral International Exchange Program, 2021–2023: fellowship recipient; RMB 400,000.
- Databox, 2016–2017: core contributor to the EPSRC project on privacy-aware personal-data infrastructure (EP/N028260/1; £1.24 million).
PhD thesis
Optimisation of a Modern Numerical Library: a Bottom-Up Approach. University of Cambridge, 2020; PhD awarded January 2021.
The work examines numerical-library implementation and optimisation from operators to higher-level computing abstractions.
Cambridge technical report →